In obese people, even when the brain knows the body is not hungry, the brain response to food as if the body is in need of food. That means that when obese people trying to lose weight, they may have to fight with the nerve center of unconscious drives to eat.
In people with normal weight, the nervous system that reinforces positive feelings associated with food will die when the blood sugar levels return to normal after eating. This signal indicates that the body's caloric needs are met. But in obese people, the nerve center in the midbrain remains active when viewing high-calorie foods, even when their blood sugar levels normal.
"The role of glucose regulation is lost in people with obesity. This may explain the strong urge to eat in some obese people, no matter how much they have eaten," says Elissa Epel of the University of California, San Francisco, an obesity researcher who was not involved in this study.
In this study, nine lean and five obese adult volunteers shown pictures of food such as ice cream, fries, cabbage, or salad while undergoing brain scans. Throughout the procedure, the researchers asked study participants to assess how much hunger and want of food.
Study participants underwent brain scans several hours after eating. The researchers used an insulin pump to stabilize blood sugar levels of study participants in the normal level (about 90 milligrams per deciliter) or lower close (about 70 milligrams per deciliter).
"Low blood sugar may occur briefly during the day, especially in people with diabetes or metabolic disorder that causes diabetes," said the expert in endocrinology, Robert Sherwin of Yale University, one of the authors of the study.
All study participants reported to eat when her blood glucose is low, especially foods high in calories. Brain scans showed that the prefrontal cortex or the brain that controls intellect and the will becomes active when blood glucose is low, while the regions of the brain that encourages eating remains active. In thin people, the trend is opposite when blood glucose was normal.
"Part of the brain that allows people to consciously exert willpower not to eat most active in obese people. This suggests that differences in the brain in obese individuals may perpetuate obesity," Sherwin said as quoted by Sciencenews.org, Tuesday (11/1/2011 ).
Though small, this study was well designed and controlled. "It allows us to see accurate results in a relatively small difference," said Dianne Lattemann obesity scientists from the Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System in Seattle.
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